[Deathpenalty] death penalty news----worldwide

[Rick Halperin]

Oct. 28



PHILIPPINES:

CBCP opposes revival of death penalty


Citing Jesus as an example, the Catholic Church said society should finally 
learn the lesson that the innocent could lose their lives to the death penalty, 
stressing that its revival is unjustified.

"The stance against the death penalty is in no way a posture to let criminal 
offenders go scot-free. The CBCP-ECPPC believes in Justice and it is ranked 
high in its hierarchy of values. Those who have transgressed the laws of the 
land should be held answerable and accountable after a fair trial; otherwise, 
they become effective endorsers of crime and criminal actions, and strong 
parody for the ethical adage that 'crime does not pay'," the CBCP Episcopal 
Commission on Prison Pastoral Care (ECPPC) said in a statement.

The ECPPC reiterated its opposition to the re-imposition of death penalty 
during the 27th Prison Awareness Week observed last Oct. 20 to 26.

"Taking away the life of someone, whom we have condemned, immobilized and 
rendered helpless with contraptions of death is a horrible lesson to teach our 
children, that human life is as disposable as any contraptions and trimmings of 
postmodern life," the Episcopal Commission added.

Death penalty - whether on the cross, at the gallows, in the gas chamber or on 
the electric chair - has also failed to deter others from committing even the 
most heinous of crimes, according to the ECPPC.

The Commission then called on supporters of the death penalty to consider 
alternatives to capital punishment.

"Rather than take away precious human life, the Church wants to explore 
alternatives to mete out justice. For one, it seriously considers - and 
vigorously advocates - a shift in the paradigm of justice: from litigation to 
mediation; prosecution to healing; punishment to reform and rehabilitation: 
from the retributive to the restorative," the ECPPC added.

For his part, ECPPC chairman Bishop Leopoldo Tumulak urged the faithful to love 
the least, the last and the lost - the prisoners.

"As we celebrate the 27th Prison Awareness Week, the Church urges us to look at 
the prisoners as our neighbors. We are challenge to show them mercy and love 
them so that they may become whole again. Let us pray that we may say YES to 
this challenge," Tumulak said.

(source: CBCP News)

**************************

.. Aquino gov't remains opposed to death penalty


The government under President Aquino remains opposed to the imposition of the 
death penalty, Justice Secretary Leila de Lima said yesterday.

"The government opposes it on constitutional, philosophical, spiritual and 
pragmatic grounds. We subscribe to the human rights discourse that the methods 
of the death penalty equate to cruel and inhumane punishment," De Lima said.

"Our government believes that criminality will not magically dissipate just 
because the state allows for capital punishment. The leader of our republic is 
firmly entrenched in his belief that the antidote to criminality rests on a 
skilled and trusted law enforcement, an effective prosecutorial service, an 
independent and knowledgeable judiciary, a sound economy and an empowered 
citizenry," she added.

De Lima made the statement in her keynote speech at the opening of the 2-day 
1st Asia Pacific Dialogue on Human Rights and Respect for the Dignity of Life 
at the EDSA Shangri-La hotel in Mandaluyong City.

The 2-day conference brings together ministers of justice, public officials, 
religious representatives and human rights advocates from Asian countries and 
European Union countries to offer a platform of dialogue to those countries who 
have initiated a path towards a moratorium on executions in order to open a 
dialogue to a renovation of justice, with priority to human rights and values.

De Lima told the conference delegates that even if there is a current clamor to 
bring back the death penalty in the Philippines, the government remains opposed 
to it.

She noted that the death penalty has failed to show its effectiveness as a 
crime deterrent and capital punishment only equates to inhumane punishment.

"The issue of death penalty affects us all. It sheds light on the kind of 
society that we wish to build, the kind of justice that we choose to uphold and 
the kind of people that we aspire to be," De Lima said.

"Thus even as we fought for the legality of the reproductive health law and 
while we recognized the right to health of women, we never once wavered in our 
conviction about the sanctity of human life. Much has our own President," she 
explained.

The death penalty was 1st abolished in 1986. It was restored in 1993 during the 
term of then President Fidel Ramos. In 1999, during the term of then President 
Joseph Estrada, the Philippines held its 1st execution with the death of 
convicted child rapist Leo Echegaray by lethal injection.

The death penalty was suspended by former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo 
with the signing of Republic Act 9346 on June 24, 2006. Capital punishment was 
replaced by life imprisonment or an imprisonment of at least 30 years.

(source: Philippine Star)






SOUTH KOREA:

South Korean prosecutor asks for death penalty for Sewol ferry captain


South Korean prosecutors called Monday for the death penalty for a ferry 
captain facing murder charges after abandoning his capsized ship and leaving 
hundreds of schoolchildren behind as it sank.

Capital punishment is rarely imposed in South Korea - no one has been put to 
death in almost 2 decades - but the sentencing recommendation underlines the 
raw wounds that the April 16 disaster left in this country.

The capsizing of the Sewol, the result of the boat being dangerously 
overloaded, killed 304 people, the vast majority of them students from a single 
high school. Ten bodies have not been recovered.

Lee Joon-seok, the 68-year-old captain of the Sewol, has been charged with 
"homicide through willful negligence" for abandoning the ferry as it went down 
in choppy waters off the southern coast of South Korea en route to the vacation 
island of Jeju.

Prosecutors also asked the judge to hand down life sentences to three crew 
members facing the same charges, if they are found guilty, the Yonhap News 
Agency reported. Varying prison terms are being sought for other crew members 
charged with abandoning their duties.

The court is expected to issue its verdict and sentences for the 15 crew 
members on Nov. 11.

"The accused are guilty of willful negligent murder," the prosecution said in 
Gwangju district court Monday. "They put saving their lives before helping the 
passengers to survive, violating their duties."

Appearing calm as he read a prepared statement in court, Lee said he had not 
intended for the accident to happen. But he said he deserved to die.

Prosecutors said testimony and evidence showed that the crew members understood 
the situation clearly.

"The passengers inside the ship could not be saved unless they made their way 
to the decks," prosecutors told the court. "Passengers were not notified about 
the condition of the ship tilting and sinking. The coast guards were arriving 
in a few minutes, but the crew didn't make a slightest effort to get the 
passengers ready for the escape."

Even after their escape, no crew member notified the coast guard about the 
trapped passengers, the prosecutors said. All the passengers could have been 
saved within six minutes, they said, based on a simulation they had done.

Bereaved families attending the court proceedings were not satisfied with only 
1 death penalty recommendation, with many saying more of the crew deserved "the 
maximum possible penalty."

But the defense contended that the ship was a ticking time bomb, doomed to sink 
because of its load.

The case has gripped South Korea, partly because of the scale of the tragedy 
and the youth of its victims, but also because of the bizarre details that have 
emerged about the ferry company's owner.

The 73-year-old billionaire who founded the company, Yoo Byung-un, turned out 
to be the leader of a religious cult and had enriched himself by squeezing 
money out of his businesses, including ordering modifications to the Sewol to 
conceal the fact that it was carrying much more than the allowed weight.

Yoo went on the run after the sinking, and his badly decomposed body was found 
in June.

The Sewol disaster also has divided the nation.

Scores of representatives of victims' families have camped out in a plaza in 
central Seoul, going on hunger strikes and calling for President Park 
Geun-hye's administration to establish an independent probe into the ferry 
sinking. Banners and floral tributes still festoon city hall.

(source: Washington Post)





Just across the road, another group of protesters has set up tents and is 
calling on the victims??? families to end their vigil, saying the mourning has 
gone on long enough.

MALAYSIA:

Police Arrest 7 Iranian Nationals, Seize Syabu Worth RM1.1 Mln


Police believe they have crippled an international drug syndicate with the 
arrest of 7 Iranian nationals and 1 local woman in 5 locations around the city 
last Thursday.

Syabu weighing 7.4kg worth RM1.1 million was seized.

Bukit Aman Narcotic Crimes Investigation Department director Datuk Seri Noor 
Rashid Ibrahim said among those arrested was the leader of the syndicate, known 
as the 'Drug Kingpin'.

He said acting on public tip-off and police intelligence, the 1st Iranian man 
was detained in a car stopped at the Penchala Link Expressway, initially to 
facilitate investigation of a drug trafficking case.

The information provided by the man led to the arrest of 2 other Iranian men 
and a local woman, believed to be connected with the syndicate, at a luxury 
condominium in Desa Sri Hartamas, he said.

With more information, he said 3 other Iranian nationals, including 2 women, 
were picked up at condominium in Mount Kiara.

"Police then raided another condominium in Jalan Kuching where another Iranian 
man was arrested. Following a search, police also found 7.4kg of syabu worth 
over RM1 million," Noor Rashid said.

Also seized from the suspects were 7 luxury cars, including of Mercedes Benz, 
Volvo, Volkswagen and Mazda, cash of RM33,332 and some foreign currencies.

He said all of the Iranian nationals, aged between 22 and 46, had entered 
Malaysia as students and workers, while the local woman worked at an 
information technology company.

They have been remanded for seven days to facilitate further investigation 
under Section 39(B) of the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952, which carries a mandatory 
death penalty upon conviction, he said.

Meanwhile, Noor Rashid said a 60-year-old man from South Africa, believed to be 
a drug muse, was arrested at the KL International Airport last Saturday.

"Police found 2.1kg of syabu worth RM200,000 hidden in a biscuit box carried by 
the man," he said, adding that the man had also been remanded for 7 days to 
facilitate further investigation.

(source: Bernama)


INDIA:

SC rejects Nithari killer Surinder Koli's plea to review death penalty


The Supreme Court on Tuesday rejected the plea by Nithari killer Surinder Koli 
seeking recall of the judgment upholding his death sentence in Rimpa Haldar 
murder case.

The apex court bench of Chief Justice HL Dattu, Justice Anil R Dave and Justice 
SA Bobde, in the 1st open court hearing of the review petition of death 
sentence cases, said: "we are fully satisfied that this court has not committed 
any error that may persuade us to review the order," upholding Koli's death 
sentence.

Referring to the argument by senior counsel Ram Jethmalani that Surinder Koli 
was not given a proper legal assistance to defend his case, the court directed 
that in future the trial court will ensure that the accused in other cases be 
given proper legal assistance by a lawyer of expertise and who can devote time.

Jethmalani said the entire evidence relied upon by the trial court in 
convicting and sentencing Koli to death clearly shows that he was tormented by 
the police to give evidence against himself and autopsy report shows that the 
murder of 14 children was done by medical expert precision with the objective 
of trading in organs.

Previously, the SC had extended its order putting his execution on hold till 29 
October.

Koli is presently in a high-security barrack in the Meerut jail given he's a 
special category prisoner. So far, Koli has not reportedly intimated the 
authorities about his last wish. Koli will be the 18th criminal to be hanged in 
the Meerut jail.

A warrant was issued on 3 September by Ghaziabad's Additional sessions Judge 
Atul Kumar Gupta in the name of 42-year-old Koli stating that he should be 
hanged to death after he had exhausted all his legal remedies in this case.

Koli has been sentenced to death in connection with the killing of Rimpa Halder 
and in 4 other cases. Koli was awarded the death sentence by a lower court, 
which was upheld by the Allahabad High Court and confirmed by the Supreme Court 
on 15 February, 2011 for the murder of Rimpa Halter in 2005.

Holding that Koli "appears to be the serial killer", the court had said "No 
mercy can be shown to him."

A total of 16 cases were registered against Koli. His employer Moninder Singh 
Pandher, who was also sentenced to death in Rimpa Halder case, was acquitted by 
the Allahabad High Court. Out of 16 cases filed against Koli, he has been 
awarded death sentence in five of them so far and others are still under trial.

(source: First Post)






UNITED NATIONS:

Citing 'surge' in executions, UN expert voices deep concern about right to life 
in Iran


The human rights situation in Iran remains of deep concern, an independent 
United Nations expert said today, flagging issues related to the right to life, 
the judicial system, religious persecution, and discrimination against women.

Ahmed Shaheed, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Iran, 
spoke to reporters in New York ahead of the presentation of his latest report 
to the General Assembly committee dealing with human rights issues (Third 
Committee) tomorrow.

"The main concerns in my report deal with issues of right to life," he stated, 
adding that he has observed a "surge" in executions in the country in the past 
12 to 15 months.

At least 852 individuals were reportedly executed between July 2013 and June 
2014, representing an "alarming" increase in the number of executions in 
relation to the already-high rates of previous years, he wrote in his report.

"The Government also continues to execute juvenile offenders," he added. "In 
2014 alone, eight individuals believed to be under 18 years of age at the time 
of their alleged crimes were reportedly executed."

Mr. Shaheed also noted a "widening of the range of offenses" for which people 
are put to death, including economic crimes and what are clearly political 
activities.

As pointed out in the report, the new Islamic Penal Code that entered into 
force in 2013 now omits references to apostasy, witchcraft and heresy, but 
continues to allow for juvenile executions and retains the death penalty for 
activities that do not constitute most serious crimes in line with the 
safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death 
penalty such as adultery, repeated alcohol use, and drug possession and 
trafficking.

The expert said he was "shocked" by the execution over the weekend of Reyhaneh 
Jabbari, a young woman who was hanged in a Tehran prison for killing a man she 
said was trying to sexually abuse her.

Mr. Shaheed had raised his concerns about Ms. Jabbari's trial with the 
Government on several occasions but had not received satisfactory replies.

He also cited concerns about the rights of lawyers; the right to expression, 
association and assembly; and extensive measures taken by the Government to 
restrict access to information.

Religious persecution also remains a concern, he said, noting that there are at 
least 300 people in detention for their religious practices.

"Of increasing concern to me is the worsening situation of women in the 
country," Mr. Shaheed added, noting that, among other things, the number of 
women enrolled in university has decreased from 62 % to 48 % over a 2-year 
period. Other concerns include the lack of opportunities for women in the 
workplace, as well as wage disparities.

Early and forced marriages are another major concern, the expert said. The 
legal age of marriage for girls in the country is 13 years, but girls as young 
as 9 years of age may be married with permission from a court.

According to the report, at least 48,580 girls between 10 and 14 years of age 
were married in 2011, 48,567 of whom were reported to have had at least one 
child before they reached 15 years of age.

Some 40,635 marriages of girls under 15 years of age were also registered 
between March 2012 and March 2013, of which more than 8,000 involved men who 
were at least 10 years older. Furthermore, at least 1,537 marriages of girls 
under 10 years of age were registered in 2012, which is a significant increase 
compared with the 716 registered between March 2010 and March 2011.

The number of registered divorces for girls under 15 years of age has also 
consistently increased since 2010, the report added. The Government has 
responded by stating that the law prohibits forced marriage, meaning that all 
marriages in the country are consensual.

Independent experts or special rapporteurs are appointed by the Geneva-based UN 
Human Rights Council to examine and report back on a country situation or a 
specific human rights theme. The positions are honorary and the experts are not 
UN staff, nor are they paid for their work.

Mr. Shaheed has not been allowed entry into Iran since he took up his post in 
2011. He has prepared his reports based on numerous official Government 
sources, interviews with Iranians both inside and outside the country and 
reports sent to him by credible human rights organizations.

(source: UN News Centre)






QATAR:

Qatari prosecutor declines to seek tougher sentence in murder case


The family of a British teacher murdered in Qatar have expressed disappointment 
that the prosecutor has declined to appeal the 3-year sentence handed to an 
accomplice who helped to burn the woman's body.

The prosecutor also asked the Qatari appeals court to uphold the death sentence 
for Badr Hashim Khamis Abdallah Al Jabar, who was convicted of the murder of 
Lauren Patterson in Doha a year ago, Doha News reported.

Mohamed Abdallah Hassan Abdul Aziz was sentenced in March to 3 years' jail for 
helping Al Jabar burn Patterson's body, as well as damaging and erasing 
evidence.

If Al Jabar's sentence is carried out it will reportedly be the 1st execution 
in Qatar in more than a decade. Although the death penalty has been issued it 
has not been enforced.

Patterson, 24, went missing after a night out in Doha in October, last year. 
The court heard she was last seen alive in a car with Al Jabar and Abdul Aziz.

Her burnt body was found a day later dumped in a pit at a farm in the desert 
village of Al Kharrara, near Wakrah.

A forensic expert told the court a knife had been found stuck in "what appeared 
to be" her rib cage.

The prosecutor said she had been sexually assaulted and stabbed twice.

During the trial, defence lawyers claimed that her death was an accident and 
that both men had been forced into confessing to the crime.

A lawyer representing Patterson's family had said he hoped the prosecutor would 
seek a harsher penalty for Abdul Aziz.

Following the trial, Patterson's mother Alison Patterson told the media that 
"justice was served" in the case of Al Jabar, but that she was deeply upset 
with Abdul Aziz's lighter sentence.

"At no time did he choose to help my daughter or report the murder. In fact he 
did the contrary; he helped (Al Jabar) dispose of Lauren's body in the most 
callous and barbaric way," she was quoted as saying at the time.

Alison Patterson, who does not live in Qatar but flew to the Gulf state to 
attend the appeals court hearing on Sunday told Doha News she was disappointed 
the judge did not make a ruling on whether to uphold the sentences.

"I am disappointed that we have got to come back on November 23," she was 
quoted as saying.

"We had hopes as a family that today's hearing would bring some kind of closure 
for us all. Everyone is still struggling to come to terms with what has 
happened to Lauren."

The hearing came a few days after the one-year anniversary of Lauren's death.

Her family and friends marked the occasion at a church in her hometown of West 
Malling in the UK. Following a service, a single white dove was released in 
memory of the young woman.

A tree also was planted outside a school in Luxembourg where Lauren used to 
work.

In Doha, Lauren's friends released several sky lanterns into the sky.

(source: Arabian Business)






SOMALIA:

Death penalty for apostasy not justifiable in Islam: Somali scholar


Somali author Abdisaid Abdi Ismail has come under intense scrutiny after 
publishing a Somali language book titled "The Rule of Apostasy in Islam: Is it 
True?" in which he argues that there is no religious justification for killing 
people for apostasy.

The book sparked mixed reactions among the Somali community in Kenya and 
Somalia following its launch in Nairobi on September 14th.

After some clerics called for the book to be banned and burned, most Somali 
bookstores in Eastleigh stopped selling it, and it is now being sold 
"discreetly" in a few bookstores in Garissa and Nairobi as well as online, 
Ismail said.

Ismail, a 50-year-old Galkayo native, was received a scholarship from Umm 
al-Qura University in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, where he studied sharia law and 
advocacy, graduating in 2002 with a master's degree in Islamic economics. Since 
then, Ismail has written two books in Arabic, "Muslim Countries' Expanding Debt 
Dilemma" and "Globalisation in the Muslim World: Facts and Figures", and two 
other books in Somali, "How to Eradicate Poverty" and "Introduction to Islamic 
Economics".

Ismail, a father of three, has taught economics at East Africa University in 
Bosaso since 2009, but says he cannot go back to Somalia now due to death 
threats he has received since publishing his latest book in Nairobi.

In an exclusive interview with Sabahi, Ismail talks about why it is important 
to discuss the subject of apostasy in Islam, his research on the topic, and the 
need to promote and tolerate a healthy debate on diverse ideas among Somalis.

Sabahi: Tell us more about your book and why you wrote it.

Abdisaid Abdi Ismail: The main thesis of this book is about apostasy in Islam, 
but I also talked about several other issues such as state and religion, gender 
equality in terms of blood money, death by stoning of adulterers and 
adulteresses, et cetera.

I wrote this book for the Somali community to let them know some of the big 
issues in their religion that involve their life in this world and hereafter, 
which some Somali clerics continuously explain in a way that does not match the 
real meaning of the Islamic teachings.

I hope that the people who read this book will realise what Islam says about 
the issues covered by the book, but the core message is that Islam is the 
religion of humanity and mercy, and it values above all the life of human 
beings.

Sabahi: You made the issue of apostasy your main focus. Why do you think it is 
so relevant now and important for Somalis to understand?

Ismail: It is a very important issue in [Muslim] society today because 
extremist groups are using the apostasy issue as a tool to justify their 
heinous and brutal killing against those who oppose their erroneous 
interpretation of Islam or even their political agenda.

This issue is very important for the Muslim community in general, but 
especially for the Somali community, because their blood is being shed on a 
daily basis using apostasy as a tool to justify it.

I believe the topic deserves to be discussed in a broader way in the current 
situation of the Muslim world. I would have liked if someone else could have 
written about it, but unfortunately no one has written about it and that has 
forced me to do it now, and I chose the Somali language so as to be able to 
reach Somali speaking peoples in East Africa and throughout the world at large.

Sabahi: Is death an adequate punishment for apostasy and in line with Islamic 
teachings?

Ismail: I have been researching the issue of apostasy for a while, comparing 
the various perspectives and the evidences that each extremist group is using 
and what the Qur'an and the teachings of the prophet said about it.

What my findings led me to conclude is that the death penalty for apostasy does 
not have any valid argument in Islam even though it has been used for centuries 
for political purposes by ruling elites in successive historical Muslim regimes 
as a form of treason for Muslims who left the religion, because religion was an 
all-encompassing identity for people at the time.

Sabahi: What does your research say is the correct punishment for apostasy 
according to Islam?

Ismail: Based on scholarly review of the religious teachings, my view regarding 
apostasy is that there is no punishment for apostasy in this world. The 
punishment is in the hereafter and it is between the individual and God.

Freedom of religion and beliefs are some of the basic human rights and no one 
has a right to interfere with what others believe. Diversity and different 
ideas and opinions are very crucial for co-existence, coherence and development 
of any society.

Sabahi: Why should Muslims read this book?

Ismail: They should read it because they need to know the lack of authentic 
justification for apostasy punishment in Islam, which I am satisfied that there 
is no valid support to back up the death penalty for apostasy in Islam.

The book will clarify for readers many other issues directly or indirectly 
related to the issue of apostasy and will hopefully dissuade groups from using 
[this issue] to kill people [based] on false justification.

I am hopeful that as [the number of] people reading the book increases, the 
madness sweeping in my country will ease a little bit and youths will 
eventually realise they are being used against their people under an un-Islamic 
pretext.

Sabahi: What is lacking in the conversation among Somalis when debating these 
issues and ideas?

Ismail: Several points are lacking in this matter, such as critical thinking 
and new scholars who can interpret the Qur'an and the hadith (the teachings of 
Prophet Mohammed) according to its original context without the interest of 
specific groups who want to hijack Islam for their own benefits.

There has to be an open and free dialogue among scholars and the masses as to 
how to interpret Islamic sources in a way that can help Muslims live a 
civilised and tolerant way of life as they should, so that it can lead them to 
live in peace among themselves and with others in this global world of ours.

Sabahi: What is the source of al-Shabaab's ideology?

Ismail: I believe that al-Shabaab and other similar groups are just 
implementing the teachings and understanding of some hardline Islamic scholars 
who interpret some Islamic scriptures according to their agenda.

To get rid of al-Shabaab and other extremists, first we need to explain the 
Qur'an and hadith and other Islamic sources of knowledge according to their 
original context. The war against al-Shabaab and other fundamentalists is a war 
for the hearts and minds of Muslim society and to win that war we have to 
reveal the real nature of Islam which is peaceful, tolerant, moderate and 
democratic.

Sabahi: Groups such as al-Shabaab argue they are trying to recreate society 
exactly as it was at the time of the Prophet Mohammed. What is wrong with that?

Ismail: There is nothing wrong with that, but who is presenting that? My 
argument is that we need to understand the real Islam, not the politicised 
Islam.

On the other hand, we have to take into consideration the difference between 
the time that the Prophet Mohammed, peace be upon him, and his companions 
lived, and our world, in the 21st century, when the circumstance of life are 
completely different.

Sabahi: Did you expect such a negative reaction to your book?

Ismail: Frankly, I was expecting the book to create academic debate among 
scholars, but I never expected that someone would call for the burning of the 
book and declare the author an apostate.

That is the very thing that the book was trying to address and it seems those 
who are critical of it have not actually understood the main message of the 
book, which is [to promote] dialogue and discussion.

However, there have been positive responses from various quarters who say the 
time was right to raise the issue.

Sabahi: How are you doing and what is next for you?

Ismail: I came to Nairobi from Somalia in August this year for the sole purpose 
of publishing this book since there are no publishers in Somalia. If there were 
any publishers in Somalia, they would not have been willing to publish the book 
anyway.

Now I am just trying to save myself from some of those extremists and their 
supporters who have not hidden their intentions to harm me after my book. My 
movements are discreet and restricted, most of the time I am indoors.

At the same time, I am working on how the peaceful Islam can be spread among 
Somali society. I will never be stopped or intimidated from speaking and 
discussing issues that I feel are important to bringing the correct and real 
Islam to my society. I will continue to reveal the truth about the correct 
stance of the religion regarding several issues that I addressed in this book 
and other [issues].

(source: sabahionline.com)